Motorways are the busiest roads in the UK, but driving on them isn’t always straightforward. Whether you're new to motorway driving or just need a refresher, we’ll guide you through the essential rules and best practices to help you feel confident and stay safe.
From understanding smart motorways to knowing how to join safely, there’s a lot to be aware of to ensure both your safety and that of other road users.
How to Join the Motorway
Just like with any other aspect of motorway driving, there are a few key things to consider when joining the motorway. First, use the slip road to build up your speed and match the flow of traffic already on the motorway. While this can feel daunting, especially for less confident drivers, it’s important to avoid causing others to brake suddenly. Make sure to use your mirrors and check your blind spots by looking over your shoulder before merging; this is crucial for joining the motorway safely and smoothly.
How to Exit the Motorway
Exiting the motorway is just as important as joining it. Make sure you give yourself plenty of time to move into the left-hand lane well before your exit safely. As you approach the junction, you’ll see countdown markers at 300, 200, and 100 yards, which help you prepare for the slip road. You should signal to indicate your intention to exit when you reach the first marker at 300 yards. Remember, you shouldn’t begin to slow down until you’re actually on the slip road to avoid disrupting the flow of traffic behind you.
What Lane Should you Drive in?
Which lane you should drive in on the motorway depends on your speed and the flow of traffic. In the UK, the motorway speed limit is 70mph, and exceeding it is illegal. Drive in the left lane unless overtaking; if you need to pass a slower vehicle, move to the right lane and return to the left when safe.
Overtaking on the left (undertaking) is generally discouraged and can be dangerous because other drivers may not expect it. Always use the right lane to overtake safely and legally.
‘Middle lane hogging’ refers to drivers who stay in the middle lane without overtaking, even when the left lane is clear. This blocks faster traffic and is considered careless driving.
Exceeding speed limits, dangerous undertaking, and lane hogging can all lead to penalties. Since 2013, police have been able to issue £100 fines and three penalty points for careless or inconsiderate driving related to lane misuse. Following these rules helps keep everyone safer and traffic flowing smoothly.
Golden Rules for Driving on the Motorway
A few quick-fire tips for driving on the motorway...
1. Watch Your Speed
Keep your speed at 70 mph or below. Speed cameras watch for speeding. Use your speedometer and cruise control to help keep your speed steady.
2. Overtaking Tips
Always pass other cars on the right. Signal, check your mirrors, overtake quickly and safely, then move back to the left lane. Don’t overtake on the left.
3. Keep Your Distance
Leave at least a two-second gap between you and the car in front. If the weather is bad or traffic is heavy, leave more space.
4. Rest and Refuel
Take breaks every two hours or after about 100 miles. Stop to rest and refuel so you stay alert.
5. Use Your Mirrors Often
Check your mirrors regularly to stay aware of the traffic around you.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is a Hard Shoulder?
A hard shoulder can be found on all motorways on the far-left side, marked by a solid white line. It is mainly used for emergencies, such as if your vehicle breaks down or if you need to stop safely. However, the use can vary depending on the type of motorway you are on.
When Can You Use the Hard Shoulder?
You should only use the hard shoulder in an emergency. On smart motorways, it can sometimes be opened as an extra lane during busy traffic, but only when matrix signs say it’s allowed. Always follow the signs and never drive on the hard shoulder unless it’s an emergency or you’re allowed to do so.
What Happens If You Have to Stop and There Is No Hard Shoulder?
If you need to stop on a motorway without a hard shoulder, like on some smart motorways, try to reach a safe refuge area or emergency bay as soon as you can. These are special areas off the main road where you can pull over safely.
- Safe refuge areas are marked with signs and have a hard surface for parking.
- Emergency bays are similar to lay-bys or pull-off areas placed at regular intervals along the motorway.
If you can’t reach one, move your vehicle as far to the left as possible and turn on your hazard warning lights to warn other drivers. Only get out of your vehicle if it’s safe to do so. When exiting, use the left-hand doors on the passenger side to avoid traffic and wait behind any safety barriers. Make sure to call for help immediately.
What Lights Should You Use When You're Driving on a Wet Motorway?
When driving on a wet motorway, you should use your dipped headlights. These help other drivers see you clearly without dazzling them. Avoid using your fog lights unless visibility is very poor (like heavy fog or heavy rain) because they can blind other drivers if used unnecessarily.
The symbol for dipped headlights looks like a headlamp facing left with several short, diagonal lines pointing downwards and slightly to the left.
What is a Smart Motorway?
A smart motorway uses technology like overhead signs to manage traffic, reduce congestion, and improve safety by adjusting speed limits and lane use.
There are three main types of smart motorways, each designed to manage traffic differently:
- Controlled Motorways – Variable speed limits; hard shoulder for emergencies only.
- Dynamic Hard Shoulder – Hard shoulder opens as a lane during busy times.
- All-Lane Running (ALR) – Hard shoulder is always used as a running lane; emergency areas provided.
Can Learners Go on the Motorway?
In the UK, learners are not allowed to drive on motorways unless they are accompanied by an approved driving instructor in a car fitted with dual controls and the car displays L plates. This rule allows learner drivers to get motorway experience safely before passing their test.
So, learners can only drive on the motorway with a qualified instructor, never alone or with a friend or family member.
After passing, new drivers can take the Pass Plus course, which includes motorway driving and helps build confidence and skills for driving safely on motorways.
What Is the Difference Between a Motorway and a Dual Carriageway?
A motorway is a high-speed road designed for fast, long-distance travel, usually with three or more lanes each way, no traffic lights, and restrictions on certain vehicles like bicycles, with a speed limit of 70 mph. A dual carriageway has two or more lanes in each direction separated by a central divider and generally also has a 70 mph speed limit for cars, but it may have junctions, traffic lights, and fewer vehicle restrictions compared to motorways.
What Would You Expect to Find at a Contraflow System on a Motorway?
At a contraflow system, traffic is temporarily directed to use one side of the motorway in both directions, usually because the other side is closed for roadworks or an accident. You’ll see clear signs, barriers, and cones guiding you through narrower lanes. Speed limits are often reduced, and there may be a hard shoulder used as a running lane. It’s important to drive carefully, stay alert, and follow all signs to keep safe.
We’re always sharing tips and advice on everything automotive on the JCT600 blog. Check out our blog on What to Do If You Break Down on a Motorway, because it’s not just about knowing how to drive well, but also about handling unexpected situations like a breakdown.